Geog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Geog - Essay Example Indeed, two rounds of the longest African civil war in Sudan cost the lives of 1.5 million people; continuing conflict in the western region of Darfur has driven two million people from their homes and killed more than 200,000; famine and drought in the 1980th displaced millions; nobody knows how many lives and migrants it will take to end the south-north confrontation. The statistic of refugees in the Africa shows that Sudan is on top in the list of receiving countries with Zambia, Uganda, Kenya, DR Congo, Guinea and on the top countries of origin of the refugees with Burundi, Angola, Somalia and DR Congo (Tabutin, Schoumaker 510). I think the most appropriate way to define the immigration/emigration patterns is to solve two problems. First of all, I’ll try to show the general political and economical line of Sudan history in the past 50 years. Secondly, I’ll divine country into four border regions - north, east, west and south – and analyze each region. Sudanâ €™s history began in 1956, after the declaration of independence from British-Egypt rule. Northern Muslims took majority in government and didn’t want to deal with South. Consequently, the first civil war has begun. During the war had happened few coups and in 1972 was signed Addis Ababa Agreement that established the  Southern Sudan Autonomy. ... So, political instability provoked mass demographical emigration and intensive mass in-migration. The economic policy was very ineffective. After 1956, independent government followed the colonial type of economy by assigning more land to both public and private sectors for export-oriented production. Government created new economy on the lands that were previously inhabited and cultivated by indigenous population. Besides, many nomadic tribes lost their historical places. That’s why a lot of peasants and nomads were forced to shift their homes and styles of living to urban centers looking for food and water (Eltigani â€Å"War and Drought†¦Ã¢â‚¬  29). Another big failure in economy of the Jaafar Nimeiri regime (1969-1985) was famine in the 1980s. In 1971, Sudan launched a plan for development to turn the country into the "bread-basket" of the Arab world (Ragnhild 202). But, instead, economy declined because of price falling on the world marker. The Sudan's few export p roducts were seriously affected by falling prices on the world market. The uneven distribution of development activities, the drought that hit the western and eastern parts of the country during the mid-1980s also forced millions of people to leave their homes. After the Omar al-Bashir coupe in 1989, policy of islamization continued and the problems with the separatist movements in south and Darfur remained. Darfur is the western region, near Chad, with strong local elites that want more power and decentralization of the Sudan. In 2003 Darfur conflict was accompanied with mass murders, genocide, thousands of refugees. In 2005 the rebels signed a peace deal with the government to end the civil war. To sum up the survey of leading events in Sudan during the

Essay on Finance Articles Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On Finance Articles - Essay Example To fulfil Doha's mission to alleviate global poverty, the developed world must at the minimum, be prepared to waive tariffs and quotas on exports from countries officially declared least developed. However, they are loath to do so due to domestic compulsions. Studies carried out by the World bank show that if tariffs and quotas were to be totally done away with, it could "boost income in developing countries by $86 bn and pull an extra 30 million people out of poverty". However, the models used by the World bank do not factor in all possible variables and hence the figures are debatable, some other models for example predict a reduction in poverty by 2% for every 1% increase in income, but with globally variable distribution patterns. The Doha talks also suffer from a misplaced sense of priorities. In concentrating only on slashing tariffs in the agriculture sector, it is focussing its efforts on the one area where it is least likely to have any positive impact on the economies' of the least developed countries. It is felt that if subsidies are removed, world food prices will rise, hurting the consumers, the majority of whom are in the least developed countries. ... This is a major achievement in itself. For a change, the developing and least developed countries have a forum in which to voice their legitimated grievances. Partnerships between countries such as between China - Brazil - India have also highlighted the growing clout of these emerging economies and their willingness to stand up to the developed world to counter what they perceive as 'economic imperialism'. References The Economist, December 10th 2005, pp 75-76. ARTICLE 2 - NEW FRIENDSHIPS AND PETROPUZZLES China's unquestionable thirst for oil in the world market is well known, as it seeks to sustain a booming economy, with China's oil demand shooting up by 15% in 2005. A major share of China's oil supplies come from Saudi Arabia and the interdependence between China and Saudi Arabia is evident from the fact that King Abdullah's first official trip outside the Middle East was not to the United Sates but to China. A growing economy should have resulted in a corresponding growing demand for oil. However, China once again confounded al experts by disclosing that its oil demand fell by 0.2% in 2005. Other experts, however, scoff at these figures and maintain that demand actually rose by between 6.4% and 8% in line with economic trends. If China's figures were to be believed, then the OPEC might have to consider cutting production in order to maintain oil prices, even though parallel events in Nigeria and Iran fuelled speculations about a possible rise in oil prices. In Nigeria, attacks by militants resulted in a decrease in production by about 200,000 barrels per day (bpd). Iran's nuclear ambitions and threats to cut production in the face of