Paparazzi Go Too Far

When the Paparazzi Go Too Far 1. Introduction Everyone who is interested in pop culture and the entertainment industry knows who the paparazzi are. According to Merriam-Webster’s dictionary, the term paparazzi is defined as â€Å"a free lance photographer who aggressively pursues celebrities for the purpose of taking candid photographs. † The term actually came from a film from the 1960’s called ‘La Dolce Vita’, directed by Federico Fellini. A character in the film was a news photographer named Paparazzo. Paparazzi target celebrities and public figures that are in the spotlight.In recent years, the paparazzi have taken their job of snapping photos to another extent. They will go to any length to get the shot of a celebrity, even if that means stalking a celebrities’ every move. The media’s intrusive and insistent attention towards celebrities has caused celebrities to lose their privacy. An anti-paparazzi law is the best solution to hel p celebrities and public figures who entertain us gain their rights and privacy back. 2. Power of the Media Its almost impossible for us not to be under the power by the media.Every event that happens in the world is brought to everyone’s attention faster with the technology that has enhanced our way of receiving media. The media is everywhere we turn and it makes us question how we will be able to control the media so that its a proper influence on our lives. 2. 2 Celebrity Infatuation If you go into any store that sells magazines you will find a large selection of magazines that are just devoted to celebrities and gossip. We live in a time where there is a significant difference between the rich and the poor and there are so many of us that want to know the latest on people who live in the spotlight (1).Most people do not think of celebrities of being just like normal people. We think about their shiny cars, designer clothing, and huge mansions, but we never stop to think b eyond all the glitz and glamour, of what they are like as people. Many people are obsessed with celebrity gossip because they like to know whether a celebrity is going through a money crisis, divorce or fight with another celebrity which is kind of sick in a way because, why should we care? It’s their life and why should we butt into their personal lives? People love celebrity gossip for pretty much the same reasons people like to watch TV drama series.Watching somebody live their life publicly and do things â€Å"regular† people do every day gives people a way to relate (1). Celebrity gossip that may be considered â€Å"good† is most times something that a celebrity has done that is embarrassing or frowned upon (1). It’s almost like when someone laughs at another person who tripped and fell. Many celebrities sacrifice a measure of their privacy by virtue of their celebrity status and by the decision they made when they stepped into the spotlight and the attention of the paparazzi is a side effect of this decision.But, the paparazzi take their job to the next level by going too far. 2. 2 Paparazzi Go Too Far Celebrities lose their rights of privacy by putting themselves in the public eye. It’s normal to have paparazzi taking photos of celebrities at appearances and events but during their daily and personal life is where the paparazzi go too far. There is no way a member of the paparazzi could sneak into or around your house and take pictures of you and get away with it. Celebrities shouldn’t be any different.They should have the right to keep their life private because they are human beings and anyone else wouldn’t like the world to know what you were eating every day, when you went to the bathroom and how you looked at the beach. Paparazzi have even caused tragic deaths; for example Princess Diana’s. Princess Diana’s death was a tragic event that was felt around the world. She died in a car crash that was partially caused by the high-speed chase of the paparazzi in a Paris tunnel on August 31, 1997.News had reported that paparazzi were at the scene of the accident, but they didn’t help her or any of the others that were severely injured in the crash (12). Instead, the paparazzi chose to take pictures of the dying princess during her last few moments alive. Princess Diana had two sons, Prince Harry and Prince William, that were ages 12 and 15 when She died. It was said that the three paparazzi that were taking the photos were charged by French officials but in 2002 the charges were dropped (13).Can you imagine how it felt for them not only to lose their mother but to see the photos of their mother laying on a gurney, cut up and trying to cling on to life? Meanwhile, those paparazzi and their publishers were making a pretty penny from the photographs. There are other cases of celebrities who have fallen to victims of the paparazzi. Justin Bieber was involved in an inci dent where he was driving on freeway 101 in Los Angeles California and 4 to 5 vehicles of paparazzi were following him. As Bieber tried to escape by speeding, the paparazzi stayed right on his tail.This kind of activity went on for about 15 miles until an officer pulled Bieber over for speeding. While the officer was proceeding with the citation, the paparazzi took pictures of all the action. After the officer pulled away and Bieber continued his drive down freeway 101 the paparazzi returned (2). Bieber had called 911 as he was trying to get away from them he told the dispatcher about the situation saying, â€Å"They're being very dangerous, swerving around other cars trying to get to me,† Bieber told the dispatcher. â€Å"And when I get to a stop they pull up next to me and just be, like, just harass me (2). Bieber also told the dispatcher â€Å"I was trying to go fast so that I could lose these people and I got pulled over. And then the police told me if they kept followi ng me to call again (2). † A patrol car caught up with Justin where he filed a complaint to have an investigation to see if any of the paparazzi will be charged with violating the paparazzi law (2). There was a huge uproar about the video that surfaced online that showed Kate Moss swarmed by paparazzi at Los Angeles International Airport that had her covering her crying child who was scared (4).Kate Moss was forced and encouraged by authorities to hide behind the police desk at LAX so that a crew of officers could literally push the paparazzi out of the way to get her and her child to the van safely. The recent scandal of involves Duchess of Cambridge, Kate Middleton, is a new scandal that has people buzzing about how the paparazzi are getting away with invading privacy. Photographs were taken of Princess Kate topless on the terrace of a private home that had several hundred meters of land between the home and a public road. The pictures were taken with a specialized zooming c amera.According to NPR, The French magazine Closer that had the possession of the photographs must hand over all digital files of photos containing snapshots of a topless Kate Middleton and refrain from republishing any of them or face fines of $13,000 a day (5). Even the royal family have fallen to victims of the paparazzi. These examples are what endangers the welfare of celebrities. Celebrities are restricted on the amount of normal daily things they can do in public without the paparazzi following them. The paparazzi law in California was passed to help celebrities find their right to privacy again.Since the law was passed, the Media and California Newspaper Publishers Association have tried to fight the bill with their argument that there is no way that any journalist or freelance photographer should have charges put against them for publishing an article (5). But, a long-time security professional and the creator of the Paparazzi Reform in 2009, Sean Burke, disagrees with that argument saying, â€Å"The car chases that take place in L. A. put people in danger and have nothing to do with breaking news. They threaten the lives of celebrities and their children, as well as pedestrians (5). Rights and Laws 3. 1 Current Anti-Paparazzi Law The current anti-paparazzi law in California was passed in 2010 and signed into law by then Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. The law will fine paparazzi for taking photos that invade a celebrity’s right to privacy. It will also target media outlets who purchase the photos. â€Å"The law makes it a crime to take and then sell photos that are unauthorized of celebrities when they are in a personal or familial activity (13). † Photographers who violate this law can face fines that are up to 50,000 dollars (13).The main part of the law is that it will affect paparazzi who drive recklessly to get a photo. Since the law came out people have been questioning if some of the laws within the paparazzi law will withstand legal scrutiny but that seems to be unknown. The aggressive driving law should remain because it doesn’t touch upon the freedom of the press. Driving is about conduct, not speech and that is what makes this law protected by freedom-of-the-press laws. Drivers, pedestrians and the public need to have protection from the aggressive tactics of the paparazzi who are driving and this law will help provide that protection (10). . 2 Rights of Celebrities Celebrities have other rights too that can be sorted into two categories; publicity rights and privacy rights. According to Tabrez Ahmad’s research of celebrity rights and the protection under IP laws, the right of publicity is the essential â€Å"right of every human being to control the commercial use of his or her image (7). † It also grants entertainers or public figures control over the commercial exploitation of their names, likeness or other aspects of their personae (7).An example of violating someone’s r ight to publicity would be when Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman sued the beauty store Sephora for using a picture of them without permission in a brochure that was promoting perfumes in September of 2002 (8). The basic concept for privacy rights is it is a personal freedom and is every person’s right to be let alone. This right to celebrities is violated all the time. In most cases, people become curious about every personal detail of the celebrities’ life because they connect with them and think of them as someone who is important in their life. Anti-Paparazzi or Anti-PressThere are arguments stating that the paparazzi law threatens the First Amendment. According to the Paparazzi Reform Initiative, â€Å"the first amendment was written without limitations for the purpose of developing a law that could be adjusted as the nation grew and advanced in ways the Founding Fathers could not predict (9). † They probably never thought that there would be a herd of people ch asing down American citizens to capture their image so they could use it for financial gain. The intention for the paparazzi law was not to become anti-press but to simply protect human rights.Supporter of the anti paparazzi law and president of a security firm in Orange County, Barry Mozian, agrees with the law by saying, â€Å"This should not be considered photojournalism in any sense of the word (10). † Mozian also said that â€Å"magazines and supermarket tabloids are in a totally different category than legitimate publishing houses who publish high-quality collections of photographs (10). † Photojournalism stands by journalistic qualities and ethics. It’s purpose is to be accurate, objective and present a fair representation of events, people or places to the public (11). The paparazzi don’t have any of those qualities or motives.The paparazzi’s motives are to exploit the lives of the rich and famous and their stories and pictures are just for the sake of money. Conclusion Celebrities live a life where their human rights aren’t protected and are taken from them. They have very few causes of action to protect their rights of privacy and publicity against invasions by the media. The anti-paparazzi law provides some protection for celebrities and public figures who experience invasions of privacy. It provides a solution for these people to live their lives like we do without intense security from the paparazzi.There have been recent events that have led governments to look into how they could protect the rights of these people and solve this problem by creating laws that protect individuals from invasive situations by the media. The solution available to the US right now is the anti-paparazzi law where it will secure these individuals that their safety and privacy will be protected. Works Cited Mendelson, Andrew L. â€Å"Academia. edu | On the Function of the United States Paparazzi: Mosquito Swarm or Watchdogs of C elebrity Image Control and Power | Andrew Mendelson. † Academia. du | On the Function of the United States Paparazzi: Mosquito Swarm or Watchdogs of Celebrity Image Control and Power | Andrew Mendelson. N. p. , Sept. 2007. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. . Duke, Alan. â€Å"CNN. † CNN. Cable News Network, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 03 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Paparazzi. † Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n. d. Web. 03 Oct. 2012. . Lesley Ciarula Taylor Toronto S. Anti-paparazzi law passed in California. Toronto Star (Canada)  [serial online]. n. d. :Available from: Newspaper Source, Ipswich, MA. Accessed September 26, 2012. Memmott, Mark. â€Å"French Magazine Ordered To Hand Over Photos Of ToplessKate, Not Republish Any. † NPR. NPR, 18 Sept. 2012. Web. 03 Oct. 2012. . Locke C. Does anti-paparazzi mean anti-press? : First Amendment implications of privacy legislation for the newsroom. Seton Hall Journal Of Sports & Entertainment Law  [serial online]. January 2, 2010;20(2):227-2 47. Available from: OmniFile Full Text Mega (H. W. Wilson), Ipswich, MA. Accessed September 26, 2012. Prof. Dr. Tabrez Ahmad. â€Å"Celebrity Rights: Protection under IP Laws† JIPR 16 (2011): 7-16. â€Å"Cruise and Kidman Sue over Ad. † BBC News. BBC, 20 Sept. 2002. Web. 04 Oct. 2012. . The PAPARAZZI Reform Initiative – Legal. The PAPARAZZI Reform Initiative – Legal. N. p. , n. d. Web. 04 Oct. 2012. . Wood, Daniel B. â€Å"Will and Kate Visit Could Test California's New Paparazzi Laws. † The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor, 09 July 2011. Web. 03 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Paparazzi Is Not Photojournalism. † Daily Sundial. N. p. , 12 Oct. 2009. Web. 02 Oct. 2012. . Walker, Sam. â€Å"Paparazzi and pursuit of privacy. (cover story). † Christian Science Monitor 02 Sept. 1997: 1. MAS Ultra – School Edition. Web. 13 Oct. 2012. â€Å"Schwarzenegger Signs New Anti-paparazzi Law. † CNN. N. p. , 14 Oct. 2009. Web . 13 Oct. 2012.

What Makes Johnny Depp the Actor He Is?

John Christopher Depp, better known as Johnny Depp is leading American actor known for his versatile characters in a number of Hollywood films. He was born in Kentucky, was raised in Florida where his parents separated due to a divorce when he was only 16 years of age. He strayed away from his siblings and peers into a life of drugs and alcohol at a very young age as a result dropped out of school and wanted to pursue a career in rock music. Over the next few years Johnny fronted a number of garage bands including the Kids and Iggy Pop. Raising popularity and sense of achievement along with determination and hope for stardom inspired him to move to Los Angles along with his band. There he met and married Lori Allison who suggested that he should try his luck with acting and introduced him to Nicolas Cage. Depp made his film debut in A Nightmare on El Street and later did a popular TV serial named 21 Jump Street in which his role as an undercover cop was much appreciated. After this he did a number of teen oriented movies until his next big break came with the movie Edward Scissorhands which was directed by Tim Burton. The flick turned to be a huge success which gave Depp the reputation of a serious, dark and idiosyncratic performer selecting future roles which surprised critics and audiences as the roles were very odd and unusal. Depp has been extremely in consistent with his relationships as he divorced Lori Allsion and was engaged to Sherilyn Fenn who was his co star in one of the films. He then had a series of love interests which include Jennifer Gray and costar Winona Ryder. Later he went on to date a leading British model Kate Moss and then finally leaving her to settle down with Venessa Paradis along with his two children, Lily and Jack in Paris, France. During his career Johnny has been a number of accusations which bought him into the public eye, first of which was the use and selling to drugs in 1993 and then the following year he was accused of trashing and smashing of a suite in New York. In 1999 he was arrested for beating paparazzi outside a restaurant in London. As a child he was engaged in self harm as explained by him in an interview in 1993 where he recollected that family problems and a sense of insecurity led him to inflict wound to his body. However, there may be a lot of ups and downs in his private life on screen Depp developed himself as an incredible actor. During the 90’s he was able to deliver hit after hit on the box office but it was not until 2003 in his role as Jack Sparrow in the Pirates of the Caribbean which bought him into the lime light once more. His role as a pirate was much appreciated especially due to the on screen appearance in long ugly locks, gold teeth and a goatee. Earlier Depp had refused to do the role unless he got to dress his own way which enlists his as an actor who upholds the principles of creatively and the art of performance. He told that he had a strong feeling about the character which he couldn’t control so he had to diverge from the views of the director to develop a character which would be remembered for decades. His talents with the sword in the movie and special idiosyncratic way of walking in the movie are referred to as outstanding accomplishment as a performer. Depp has played singular and distinctive types of characters and his versatility has made many directors his huge fans especially Tim Burton with whom he has worked on seven projects. He is an intriguing actor who is interested in doing different characters and trying new things without the fear of his image. He is willing to take risks and try different things as with his film Charlie and the Chocolate Factory in which he portrayed Willy Wonka which was reclusive and worrisome character which he loved to play. His latest adventure is Alice and the Wonderland which is also a directorial of Tim Burton in which Depp features as Mad Hatter another mad character who is thought to suffer from mercury poisoning. With the frizzy orange wig, frock coat over a red waistcoat, top hat, white painted face with green lenses he is almost unrecognizable in his freaky character for Alice and the Wonderland. In an interview he claimed that he envisions the character after a thorough research and try to add a part of himself to the character which makes it so distinct. Along with his talents in acting Depp is still pursuing his first passion which was music as has done a number of solo projects and plays with the band named P. Depp and Paradis grow grapes and have a wine making facility in Saint-Topez in France. He has had three academy award nominations for Pirates of the Caribbean, Finding Neverland and Sweeney Todd. He won his only Golden Globe award in 2008 for the portrayal of Sweeney Todd. References 1. http://movies. ign. com/articles/633/633236p1. html 2. http://www. telegraph. co. uk/culture/film/starsandstories/7205720/Tim-Burton-and-Johnny-Depp-interview-for-Alice-In-Wonderland. html 3. http://www. ugo. com/channels/filmTv/features/piratesofthecaribbean/johnnydepp. asp 4. http://www. johnnydepp. com/bio. htm 5. http://www. imdb. com/name/nm0000136/bio 6. http://www. johnnydeppfan. com/interviews/ias. htm 7.

Belief, Doubt and Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Belief, Doubt and Synthesis - Essay Example Writing is one of the most significant professions in the US today. Based on this fact, numerous philosophies and principles apply in defining the ideal qualities and skills required of talented writers. These principles are subjective and mostly depend on the factors that determine the purpose of writing. In this regards, we have to acknowledge that not all writers possess the same qualities, as some of the American writers are better than others. Despite the fact that not all writers are equal in their skill sets, there should be a standard of differentiating smartest writers from poor ones. In this regard, I belief one should possess some of the fundamental qualities if he/she is to be considered as a professional writer (Starnino 42). The qualities of a writer fall into personal and technical skills. Possession of strong personal qualities entails the application of effective communication skills in presenting ones ideas and thoughts in written form. In America, every writer enjo ys freedom of speech and expression in his or her work. Writers are free to express their thoughts in whatever manner they wish, as long as their work falls within the scope of national rules and regulations. In this regard, writers face the predisposition of expressing their thoughts in an appropriate language as per the environment in subject. In trying to justify their thoughts and philosophies, writers can engage in persuasive, assertive or criticizing pieces of work (Lutovich and Fisher 67). One should integrate all these freedoms of thought and language in developing persuasive or even criticizing essays in order to accomplish writing goals. In this case, I belief a brilliant writer should be creative, vivid and imaginative. For example, a writer in a political arena speculating about the future of a nation’s politics should be imaginative and creative in persuading his followers and criticizing those opposing. Coherent development of political essays requires a writer to articulate the freedoms available with the communication skills in ensuring effective delivery of the intended message to the target audience (Lutovich and Fisher 72). In addition to personal skills, a talented writer should have a thorough understanding of the technical qualities of writing. I belief the first technical quality of expert writes is the ability to communicate fluently in written language. English writers must follow grammatical rules in every piece of their work. Efficient use of English will facilitate delivery of the message in an objective manner. Since the better part of writing entails collection of information from both the primary and secondary sources, a writer should also have strong research skills. He or she should carry out a research exercise from the problem definition stage to the results interpretation stage. Every writer should be conversant with the fundamental concepts of the topic of writing and should use relevant and appropriate vocabulary in expressing his or her ideas. Lastly, a talented writer should organize the essential parts of an essay in a logical pattern. Integration of these technical skills with the above mentioned communication qualities in an essay provide a criterion of defining a lovely piece of writing (Lutovich and Fisher 61). Human beings are in a continuous process or receiving new ideas and meeting new patterns of thoughts in their lives. When one meets a new idea,

Andrew Jacksons Invasion of Florida Research Paper

Andrew Jacksons Invasion of Florida - Research Paper Example He was selected the major general in 1812 in the volunteer corps. In October 1813, after the uprising of Creek Indians, Andrew Jackson led a troop of two thousand five hundred Tennessee forces who fought against the Creek Indians. During the invasion, they were able to triumph over one thousand Indian warriors. In the same year and month, Andrew Jackson invaded Florida and managed to capture Pensacola. He also managed to conquer the west and north of New Orleans where he took the city’s defense. After signing of the Ghent treaty in January 8, 1815, Andrew Jackson and his troops won over the British regulators who had invaded New Orleans making Andrew Jackson a hero. In 1817, President Monroe directed Jackson to make efforts and stop the attacking of Georgia settlers by Seminole Indians. Nevertheless, he was ordered not to invade Florida. He was only allowed to do that if he were in pursuit of the enemy (Seminoles). On the contrary, Jackson disobeyed the order and invaded Flori da. The purpose of the paper is to analyze Andrew Jackson’s invasion of Florida. Andrew Jackson’s Invasion of Florida During early 19th century, the United States of America grew rapidly and covered the lower south part of the continent. This was known to be the home of Choctaw, Creek and Cherokee, Seminole and Chicasaw nations. The white Americans viewed these Indian nations as obstacle in the progress of the country. Determined to acquire land and grow cotton, the federal government was pressured by the white settlers to acquire the territory of the Indian. From Tennessee, Andrew Jackson proposed the removal of Indians. In 1814, the USA military forces were commanded by Andrew Jackson and were able to defeat a section of the Creek nation. As a result of the group defeat, the federal government was able to acquire land in central Alabama and southern Georgia. In 1818, the United States was able to acquire more land, engineered by the motive to discipline the Seminoles for accommodating the fugitive slaves. As a result, Spanish Florida was invaded by Jackson’s troops. Jackson was influential in the negotiation of the nine treaties out of the available eleven between 1814 and 1824. The treaties were significant in negotiating between the eastern tribes and the government. The tribe was required to exchange its eastern lands with those in the west. The tribes agreed but under some conditions. For instance, they aimed at shielding themselves from the harassment of the white settlers and also appeasing the government with the hopes of retaining part of their land. The United States of America was able to acquire and gain control over three quarters of the land in Florida and Alabama as a result of the treaties. In addition to that, they controlled land in Tennessee, North Carolina, Mississippi and Georgia. This was a time that a few Creeks, Choctaws and Cherokees decided to migrate voluntarily to their new land2. According to Andrew Jackson, the United States of America needed Florida for their economic prosperity. The United States of America was unbalanced due to Indian a nd Spanish occupation of Florida. As he (Andrew Jackson) further observed, the United States of America economy relied on Florida and other nearby states. Jackson blamed the Spaniards and Indians in Florida for channeling resources to their mother country. Huge portions of land were occupied and owned by Spaniards and Indians there. The Americans residing in Florida served as informal workers in the Indian and Spanish farms. Due to his nationalistic characteristic, Jackson had to use power to eliminate the Indians and Spaniards from

E-Health Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E-Health Program - Essay Example Before the internet, if health problems were to arise in an individual, he/she was generally taken care of in the doctor's office or by home remedies. If any questions were to arise about the health of yourself or others, the expertise of a doctor or nurse was generally needed. The WebMD health website is a website that has been designed to answer the questions about anything from medications to illnesses and can easily be obtained in a matter of seconds. Also, being able to communicate with the doctors or order prescriptions online has proved to be a huge advantage. In the next few paragraphs, the advantages of WebMD services and its impact on the health care industry will be discussed. WebMD has been a huge advantage to the health care industry for many reasons, one being the use of the WebMD to research medications. WebMD that contain information on any thing from medications and their uses to finding out about diseases and their causes. Everything about a drug is listed from what illnesses the drug treats down to its structural formula. Studies show that 71.5% of people who used WebMD health care to do research felt more knowledgeable about their illness and the medications they were taking (Paasche-Orlow etal 2005). WebMD.com may be utilized as an extremely resourceful web page to seek illnesses. Any question that the user has regarding an illness or disease is answered. This access to information is very good for people who do not understand their illness and its side effects. For instance, when a doctor informs the patient about their illness, many patients do not understand the doctor's terminology. With WebMD.com, the patient is able to do further research about their illness in words and phrases they can understand. Communicating with Doctors Online The WebMD is becoming an important alternative for patients and health care providers to share information with one another. The patient is now able to email or chat with the doctor about any questions they may have, as well as the doctor being able to inform the patient of any new medications or alternative medicine that will help the healing process. Financial Ramifications The financial ramifications of implementing the planned scope of practice will be more than enough . More than the expected increased costs of training at the complex levels, the likelihood for reimbursement for a number of the new components of the scope of practice in the majority Webmed services do not reimburse for their various services . First Responders cannot attain reimbursement. To make a new level always is in need of huge investment in time as well as cost and then not be capable enough to be reimbursed for Webmed sservices is a major issue . Opportunities for the WebMD in Healthcare Clearly, one of the benefits of the WebMD is its ability to provide real-time communications with doctors without having to transport patients to and from the doctor's office. This also helps with

What is the heart of Catholicism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

What is the heart of Catholicism - Essay Example For salvation and redemption, people need to gather around the bishop since he is the true descendant of God and, therefore, of Jesus. In Catholicism, this institutional approach to belief and the importance of communion with the Holy See through a religious medium like church or other religious authority are essentially inspired by Biblical evidences and history. One of Jesus’ speeches supports Catholicism’s claim about the importance of a believer’s communion with the religious authority is as following: â€Å"I say to you, something greater than the temple is here† (Barron 24). Indeed in Catholicism, the ideas of ‘temple’ and ‘bishop’ are the representatives of each other. In this regard, Barron says, â€Å"If Jesus is, in his person, the true temple, then he should be the definitive source of teaching, healing and, forgiveness and this is just what the Gospel tells us† (Barron 24). Indeed this very basis of Christ’s persona as the sole source salvation and redemption lies at the heart of Catholicism. Indeed, proper religious authority plays an important role in shaping the rites and rituals of Catholicism. The propriety of religious authority is often determined by sacramental evidences. While the Catholics unanimously believe in the ministration of Christ as the temple of teaching, salvation and redemption, the bishop is believed to be the true spiritual descendant of Christ himself. Therefore a bishop plays a very important role in catholic rites and rituals. For an instance, Catholic dogma asserts that the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper must be administered by certain qualified persons. According to the Roman Catholic Church, â€Å"only a Catholic Priest ordained into the apostolic succession can administered the Eucharist† (Erickson 1122). Erickson further says in this regard, â€Å"If any other person should take the same physical elements and pronounce the same words over them, they would remain bread and

Critically discuss the view that capital markets created the Essay - 4

Critically discuss the view that capital markets created the conditions that led to the new economy bubble and the banking crisis - Essay Example This essay aids, to discuss the view that capital markets created the conditions that led to the â€Å"new economy† bubble and the banking crisis. Old economy firms were or are large, well established firms that operate in a form of traditional sector. Old economy firms have small investment and less involved in the current technology era (Torre & Schmukler 2007, p. 88). These old economy firms were the ones, which dominated the entire economic activities before the introduction of the dotcom epoch. The current dotcom era ushered in the economy back in the 1990s, leading to the creation of new and high-growth firms hence improving the economic status of many countries â€Å"bubble† and causing banking crisis internationally. Old economy firms usually exhibit low volatility and suffer continuous dividends as they continue to participate in mature firm sectors, which tend not to provide potential investments for companies (United Nations Conference On Trade And Development 2009, p. 90). In contrast, new economy firms operate in advance technology industry sectors and the highly competing and successful firms have the opportunity of building value at a higher growth rate. Good examples of these new economy firms include primary firms, whose operations involve commerce and technology-based services such as Intel, Google, eBay, and Cisco. These new economy firms typically operate in environments, which are extremely different from of the old economy firms and have more volatile stocks (Stiglitz & Ocampo 2008, p. 30). New economy firms do not necessarily pay dividends since they opt to reinvest their profits into new businesses or expansion. Old and new economy firms not only differ in terms of their activities, but also they differ in the way markets value them. New economy firms tend to have strong volatility valuations since their modes of